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orbitalis muscle
The orbitalis muscle is a vestigial or rudimentary nonstriated muscle (smooth muscle) that crosses from the infraorbital groove and sphenomaxillary fissure and is intimately united with the periosteum of the orbit. It was described by Heinrich Müller〔Toerien MJ, Gous AE. The orbital muscle of Müller. S Afr Med J. 1978 Jan 28; 53(4):139-41. ()〕 and is often called Müller's muscle. It lies at the back of the orbit and spans the infraorbital fissure〔Gray's Anatomy - 40th Ed/MINOR MUSCLES OF THE EYELIDS〕 It is a thin layer of smooth muscle that bridges the inferior orbital fissure. It is supplied by sympathetic nerves, and its function is unknown.〔Snell-Clinical Anatomy by Regions - Snell - 8th Ed - 2008-Chapter 11 : The Head and Neck〕
== Function ==
The muscle forms an important part of the lateral orbital wall in some animals and can act to change the wall's volume in lower mammals,〔Dutton, J.J., ''Atlas of Clinical and Surgical Orbital Anatomy, 2nd Edition'', Elsevier, 2011. p.116-117.〕 while in humans it is not known to have any significant function, but its contraction may possibly produce a slight forward protrusion of the eyeball.〔 Several sources have suggested a role in the autonomic regulation of the vascular system due to the pattern of innervation of the orbitalis.〔Ruskell, G.L., ''Orbital Passage of Pterygopalatine Ganglion Efferents to Paranasal Sinuses and Nasal Mucosa in Man'', Karger, Cells Tissues Organs 2003;175:223–228. PMID 14707402.〕〔Rodríguez-Vázquez JF, Mérida-Velasco JR, Arráez-Aybar LA, Jiménez-Collado J., ''Anatomic relationships of the orbital muscle of Müller in human fetuses'', Surgical and Radiologic Anatomy, 1998;20(5):341-4. PMID 9894314.〕
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